Fig. 1

Study flowchart. The study was divided into two main sequential steps. First, growth factors were calculated and then association studies were performed. In the FinnTwin12 sample, univariate and bivariate twin modeling was performed to quantify the genetic and environmental sources underlying both the protein abundances and the associations between proteins and BMI trajectories. Cross-omics associations were performed to bring a holistic perspective to the analyses. BMI: body mass index. NTR: Netherlands Twin Register