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Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the study population

From: Cholesterol-modified prognostic nutritional index (CPNI) as an effective tool for assessing the nutrition status and predicting survival in patients with breast cancer

Characteristic

Overall (n = 776)

Premenopausal (n = 317)

Postmenopausal (n = 459)

p

Age, years, median (IQR)

52.00 (45.00, 61.00)

44.00 (38.00, 47.00)

59.00 (54.00, 64.00)

 < 0.001

 Smoking, yes, n (%)

47 (6.1)

11 (3.5)

36 (7.8)

0.018

 Drinking, yes, n (%)

15 (1.9)

9 (2.8)

6 (1.3)

0.208

 Diabetes, yes, n (%)

66 (8.5)

5 (1.6)

61 (13.3)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension, yes, n (%)

113 (14.6)

9 (2.8)

104 (22.7)

 < 0.001

 Coronary heart disease, yes, n (%)

28 (3.6)

1 (0.3)

27 (5.9)

 < 0.001

 Family history of tumor, yes, n (%)

134 (17.3)

57 (18.0)

77 (16.8)

 

Tumor stage, n (%)

0.835

 I

147 (18.9)

63 (19.9)

84 (18.3)

 

 II

248 (32.0)

99 (31.2)

149 (32.5)

 

 III

132 (17.0)

57 (18.0)

75 (16.3)

 

 IV

249 (32.1)

98 (30.9)

151 (32.9)

 

 Surgery, n (%)

94 (12.1)

38 (12.0)

56 (12.2)

1

 Chemotherapy, n (%)

508 (65.5)

216 (68.1)

292 (63.6)

0.22

 Radiotherapy, n (%)

43 (5.5)

18 (5.7)

25 (5.4)

1

 Hemoglobin, g/L, median (IQR)

123.00 (112.00, 133.00)

121.00 (110.00, 131.00)

125.00 (113.00, 135.00)

0.001

 WBC, 109/L, median (IQR)

5.40 (4.37, 6.73)

5.32 (4.30, 6.60)

5.44 (4.42, 6.86)

0.268

 Neutrophil, 109/L, median (IQR)

3.19 (2.40, 4.27)

3.16 (2.33, 4.20)

3.20 (2.44, 4.33)

0.497

 Lymphocyte, 109/L, median (IQR)

1.56 (1.22, 1.99)

1.52 (1.19, 1.95)

1.58 (1.25, 2.01)

0.139

 Platelets, 109/L, median (IQR)

234.00 (189.00, 290.00)

246.73 (198.00, 297.00)

226.00 (182.00, 278.00)

0.002

 Cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR)

4.75 (4.18, 5.47)

4.52 (3.93, 5.19)

4.93 (4.34, 5.66)

 < 0.001

 HDL, mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.27 (1.08, 1.51)

1.29 (1.13, 1.57)

1.25 (1.06, 1.49)

0.038

 LDL, mmol/L, median (IQR)

2.85 (2.33, 3.44)

2.67 (2.24, 3.26)

2.99 (2.42, 3.53)

 < 0.001

 Triglyceride, mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.57 (1.11, 2.14)

1.41 (0.99, 1.99)

1.68 (1.19, 2.28)

 < 0.001

 Blood glucose, mmol/L, median (IQR)

5.26 (4.82, 5.82)

5.05 (4.67, 5.50)

5.48 (4.91, 6.11)

 < 0.001

 Total protein, g/L, median (IQR)

69.50 (65.00, 73.40)

69.40 (64.80, 73.60)

69.50 (65.20, 73.30)

0.551

 Albumin, g/L, median (IQR)

40.95 (37.60, 43.90)

41.20 (37.80, 44.00)

40.70 (37.55, 43.80)

0.251

 Tbil, μmol/L, median (IQR)

9.30 (6.60, 12.20)

8.60 (6.30, 11.30)

9.50 (7.05, 12.60)

0.004

 Dbil, μmol/L, median (IQR)

2.70 (2.10, 3.60)

2.60 (2.00, 3.70)

2.80 (2.10, 3.50)

0.621

 AST, U/L, median (IQR)

22.00 (18.00, 29.00)

21.60 (17.40, 28.00)

22.60 (18.85, 29.80)

0.033

 ALT, U/L, median (IQR)

19.00 (13.00, 29.42)

18.90 (12.10, 30.00)

19.00 (13.80, 29.10)

0.146

 Creatinine, μmol/L, median (IQR)

57.00 (51.00, 63.00)

56.10 (51.00, 62.00)

57.40 (50.95, 63.65)

0.342

 BUN, mmol/L, median (IQR)

4.70 (3.87, 5.78)

4.36 (3.67, 5.24)

4.95 (4.01, 6.06)

 < 0.001

 Height, cm, median (IQR)

158.0 (155.0, 162.0)

158.0 (155.0, 162.0)

158.0 (155.0, 161.0)

0.116

 Weight, kg, median (IQR)

58.65 (54.00, 65.23)

57.00 (52.50, 64.00)

61.00 (55.00, 67.00)

 < 0.001

 BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR)

23.83 (21.60, 26.17)

22.75 (20.70, 25.00)

24.41 (22.07, 26.71)

 < 0.001

BMI4group (%)

 < 0.001

 Underweight

37 (4.8)

20 (6.3)

17 (3.7)

 

 Normal weight

366 (47.2)

180 (56.8)

186 (40.5)

 

 Overweight

270 (34.8)

90 (28.4)

180 (39.2)

 

 Obesity

103 (13.3)

27 (8.5)

76 (16.6)

 

 MAC, cm, median (IQR)

27.45 (25.00, 29.50)

27.00 (25.00, 29.00)

27.80 (25.60, 30.00)

0.005

 TSF, cm, median (IQR)

22.00 (16.00, 28.00)

22.00 (16.00, 28.00)

22.00 (16.00, 26.00)

0.65

 MAMC, cm, median (IQR)

20.73 (18.60, 22.60)

20.48 (17.71, 22.54)

20.84 (19.09, 22.68)

0.006

 CC, cm, median (IQR)

34.00 (32.00, 36.50)

34.00 (31.50, 36.50)

34.00 (32.00, 36.50)

0.872

 Grip, Kg, median (IQR)

20.60 (16.48, 24.70)

22.00 (18.00, 26.00)

19.70 (15.45, 23.70)

 < 0.001

 Grip strength, median (IQR)

0.34 (0.27, 0.42)

0.38 (0.31, 0.46)

0.32 (0.25, 0.40)

 < 0.001

PGSGA, n (%)

1

 No malnutrition

495 (63.8)

202 (63.7)

293 (63.8)

 

 Malnutrition

281 (36.2)

115 (36.3)

166 (36.2)

 

GLIM, n (%)

 < 0.001

 No malnutrition

611 (78.7)

226 (71.3)

385 (83.9)

 

 Malnutrition

165 (21.3)

91 (28.7)

74 (16.1)

 

CONUT, n (%)

0.023

 No malnutrition

409 (52.7)

151 (47.6)

258 (56.2)

 

 Malnutrition

367 (47.3)

166 (52.4)

201 (43.8)

 

NRI, n (%)

0.653

 No malnutrition

665 (85.7)

269 (84.9)

396 (86.3)

 

 Malnutrition

111 (14.3)

48 (15.1)

63 (13.7)

 

PNI, n (%)

0.315

 No malnutrition

696 (89.7)

289 (91.2)

407 (88.7)

 

 Malnutrition

80 (10.3)

28 (8.8)

52 (11.3)

 

CPNI, n (%)

0.004

 No malnutrition

436 (56.2)

198 (62.5)

238 (51.9)

 

 Malnutrition

340 (43.8)

119 (37.5)

221 (48.1)

 
  1. WBC, white blood cells; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Tbil, total bilirubin; Dbil, direct bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, glutamate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; BMI, body mass index; MAC, mid-arm circumference; TSF, triceps skinfold; MAMC, midarm muscle circumference; CC, calf-circumference; PGSGA, the patient-generated subjective nutrition assessment; GLIM, the global leadership initiative on malnutrition; CONUT, the controlling nutritional status; NRI, the nutritional risk index, PNI, the prognostic nutritional index; CPNI, the cholesterol modified prognostic nutritional index
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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