Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics in patients with T2D with and without GLP-1 RA

Sex

 female

783862

50.96

16770

53.72

0.055

16664

53.49

16728

53.69

0.004

 male

754475

49.04

14446

46.28

0.055

14492

46.51

14428

46.31

0.004

Age

 18–40

127181

8.27

5783

18.53

0.305

5613

18.02

5744

18.44

0.011

 41–60

667332

43.38

15557

49.84

0.130

15567

49.96

15536

49.87

0.002

 61–80

743824

48.35

9876

31.64

0.346

9976

32.02

9876

31.70

0.007

 mean, (SD)^a

58.90

12.11

53.09

12.97

0.463

53.35

12.92

53.12

12.96

0.018

Income, New Taiwan Dollars

 < 22000

361136

23.48

6195

19.85

0.088

6151

19.74

6189

19.86

0.003

 22000–44999

891505

57.95

18393

58.92

0.020

18399

59.05

18359

58.93

0.003

 > 44999

285,696

18.57

6628

21.23

0.067

6606

21.20

6608

21.21

< 0.001

Comorbidities

 Obesity

45042

2.93

3711

11.89

0.347

3492

11.21

3670

11.78

0.018

 Smoking

41955

2.73

1348

4.32

0.086

1361

4.37

1344

4.31

0.003

 Hypertension

976049

63.45

22009

70.51

0.150

22073

70.85

21970

70.52

0.007

 Dyslipidemia

1,098,806

71.43

26660

85.40

0.345

26756

85.88

26602

85.38

0.014

 Stroke

79714

5.18

1448

4.64

0.025

1465

4.70

1448

4.65

0.003

 Coronary artery disease

272876

17.74

5204

16.67

0.028

5233

16.80

5200

16.69

0.003

 Heart failure

53934

3.51

1225

3.92

0.022

1164

3.74

1222

3.92

0.010

 Chronic kidney disease

199447

12.97

6414

20.55

0.204

6481

20.80

6398

20.54

0.007

 COPD

364499

23.69

7649

24.50

0.019

7515

24.12

7627

24.48

0.008

CCI

 1

1364298

88.69

25273

80.96

0.217

25128

80.65

25225

80.96

0.008

 2–3

151095

9.82

4789

15.34

0.167

4842

15.54

4779

15.34

0.006

 > 3

22944

1.49

1154

3.70

0.139

1186

3.81

1152

3.70

0.006

DCSI

 0

606665

39.44

6475

20.74

0.416

6436

20.66

6470

20.77

0.003

 1

336418

21.87

6008

19.25

0.065

5921

19.00

6000

19.26

0.006

 ≥ 2

595254

38.69

18733

60.01

0.436

18799

60.34

18686

59.98

0.007

Medication

 Metformin

993488

64.58

30488

97.67

0.933

30619

98.28

30428

97.66

0.043

 Sulfonylurea

699012

45.44

27292

87.43

0.993

27390

87.91

27233

87.41

0.015

 Meglitinides

114479

7.44

7562

24.22

0.472

7516

24.12

7537

24.19

0.002

 Thiazolidinedione

210669

13.69

16148

51.73

0.887

16280

52.25

16103

51.69

0.011

 DPP-4 inhibitors

337,587

21.94

25403

81.38

1.479

25880

83.07

25343

81.34

0.045

 SGLT2 inhibitors

33373

2.17

7369

23.61

0.675

6736

21.62

7315

23.48

0.044

 Insulin

247598

16.10

20628

66.08

1.180

20560

65.99

20568

66.02

0.001

 ACEI/ARB

805284

52.35

21328

68.32

0.331

21318

68.42

21278

68.30

0.003

 β-blockers

373613

24.29

6896

22.09

0.052

6820

21.89

6885

22.10

0.005

 Calcium-channel blockers

797882

51.87

16515

52.91

0.021

16648

53.43

16492

52.93

0.010

 Diuretics

447044

29.06

11302

36.21

0.153

11315

36.32

11281

36.21

0.002

 Statin

838452

54.50

24265

77.73

0.506

24345

78.14

24211

77.71

0.010

 Fibrates

337082

21.91

10790

34.57

0.284

10632

34.13

10766

34.56

0.009

 Aspirin

460946

29.96

11425

36.60

0.141

11453

36.76

11409

36.62

0.003

Number of oral antidiabetic drugs

 1

763995

49.66

1027

3.29

1.235

749

2.40

1027

3.30

0.054

 2–3

547930

35.62

6658

21.33

0.321

6551

21.03

6658

21.37

0.008

 > 3

226412

14.72

23531

75.38

1.538

23856

76.57

23471

75.33

0.029

Duration of diabetes, years

 Mean, (SD)

3.88

2.89

6.95

3.20

1.006

6.90

3.06

6.94

3.20

0.014