Fig. 5

Therapeutic strategies sensitizing bladder cancer to cisplatin treatment by targeting LASS2 and β-catenin signaling. A A diagram illustrating the anticancer therapies targeting β-catenin signaling. The blue arrow indicates the treatment strategy by promoting phosphorylation, promoting degradation, and inhibiting dephosphorylation of β-catenin. B Immunofluorescent staining of β-catenin in BCSCs with the indicated treatments. Scale bars, 10 μm. C, D Representative images (C) and quantification (D) of the tumor sphere formation assay for BCSCs with the indicated treatments. Scale bars, 100 μm. E Cell viability assay of BCSCs with the indicated treatments. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, ***p < 0.001, determined by Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA. F, G Growth effects of combining cisplatin and XAV939 in control (F) or LASS2-overexpressing (G) BCSCs. The dose matrix in which percentages of growth inhibition relative to untreated control are indicated in each grid and visualized using a color scale. H Images of subcutaneous tumors formed by BCSCs with the indicated treatments. I Tumor growth curves of CDX models with the indicated treatments