Table 2 The diagnostic performance of junior radiologists alone, smartphone app alone, and junior radiologists with smartphone app’s assistance in diagnosing biliary atresia

A-initial

0.798 (0.751, 0.840)

78.3 (71.7, 84.0)

81.3 (73.9, 87.3)

79.6 (70.3, 89.8)

0.11

0.01

3

Model

0.838 (0.794, 0.876)

87.8 (82.3, 92.1)

79.9 (72.4, 86.1)

84.4 (74.8, 94.9)

–

–

–

A-final

0.863 (0.821, 0.898)

90.0 (84.7, 93.8)

82.6 (75.4, 88.4)

86.8 (77.1, 97.4)

–

–

–

B-initial

0.784 (0.735, 0.827)

85.2 (79.3, 89.9)

71.5 (63.4, 78.7)

79.3 (70.0, 89.4)

0.02

0.09

9

Model

0.841 (0.797, 0.879)

88.4 (82.9, 92.6)

79.9 (72.4, 86.1)

84.7 (75.1, 95.2)

–

–

–

B-final

0.819 (0.773, 0.859)

89.4 (84.1, 93.4)

74.3 (66.4, 81.2)

82.9 (73.4, 93.3)

–

–

–

C-initial

0.853 (0.811, 0.890)

89.4 (84.1, 93.4)

81.3 (73.9, 87.3)

85.9 (76.2, 96.4)

0.66

0.87

5

Model

0.850 (0.807, 0.887)

91.5 (86.6, 95.1)

78.5 (70.9, 84.9)

85.9 (76.2, 96.4)

–

–

–

C-final

0.860 (0.818, 0.896)

86.4 (81.0, 90.8)

87.4 (80.3, 92.6)

86.5 (76.8, 97.1)

–

–

–

D-initial

0.725 (0.674, 0.772)

80.4 (74.0, 85.8)

64.6 (56.2, 72.4)

73.6 (64.7, 83.4)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

7

Model

0.849 (0.806, 0.886)

92.1 (87.2, 95.5)

77. 8 (70.1, 84.3)

85.9 (76.2, 96.4)

–

–

–

D-final

0.810 (0.764, 0.851)

88.4 (82.9, 92.6)

73.6 (65.6, 80.6)

82.0 (72.5, 92.3)

–

–

–

E-initial

0.777 (0.728, 0.821)

89.4 (84.1, 93.4)

66.0 (57.6, 73.7)

79.3 (70.0, 89.4)

0.12

0.06

8

Model

0.820 (0.775, 0.860)

88.4 (82.9, 92.6)

75.7 (67.9, 82.4)

82.9 (73.4, 93.3)

–

–

–

E-final

0.828 (0.783, 0.867)

90.0 (84.7, 93.8)

75.7 (67.9, 82.4)

83.8 (74.2, 94.2)

–

–

–

F-initial

0.821 (0.776, 0.861)

92.1 (87.2, 95.5)

72.2 (64.2, 79.4)

83.5 (74.0, 93.9)

0.02

0.003

8

Model

0.866 (0.824, 0.900)

90.5 (85.4, 94.3)

82.6 (75.4, 88.4)

87.1 (77.4, 97.7)

–

–

–

F-final

0.876 (0.836, 0.909)

90.5 (85.4, 94.3)

84.7 (77.8, 90.2)

88.0 (78.2, 98.7)

–

–

–

G-initial

0.769 (0.720, 0.813)

85.7 (79.9, 90.4)

68.1 (59.8, 75.6)

78.1 (68.9, 88.2)

0.01

0.01

7

Model

0.835 (0.791, 0.873)

87.8 (82.3, 92.1)

79.2 (71.6, 85.5)

84.1 (74.5, 94.5)

–

–

–

G-final

0.806 (0.760, 0.847)

88.4 (82.9, 92.6)

72.9 (64.9, 80.0)

81.7 (72.3, 92.0)

–

–

–

H-initial

0.743 (0.693, 0.789)

77. 8 (71.2, 83.5)

70.8 (62.7, 78.1)

74.8 (65.8, 84.7)

0.01

 < 0.001

13

Model

0.817 (0.771, 0.857)

86.2 (80.5, 90.8)

77.1 (69.3, 83.7)

82.3 (72.8, 92.7)

–

–

–

H-final

0.820 (0.775, 0.860)

86.2 (80.5, 90.8)

77. 8 (70.1, 84.3)

82.6 (73.1, 92.9)

–

–

–

I-initial

0.686 (0.633, 0.735)

63.5 (56.2, 70.4)

73.6 (65.6, 80.6)

67.9 (59.3, 77.3)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

21

Model

0.830 (0.785, 0.868)

86.8 (81.1, 91.3)

79.2 (71.6, 85.5)

83.5 (74.0, 93.9)

–

–

–

I-final

0.829 (0.784, 0.868)

87.3 (81.7, 91.7)

78.5 (70.9, 84.9)

83.5 (74.0, 93.9)

–

–

–