Fig. 4

Cost-effectiveness acceptability frontiers of various pneumococcal strategies for older adults (different colored lines), while varying the childhood vaccine (different panels). The graph shows the probability of being the most cost-effective strategy across a range of WTP-thresholds, after using 1000 Monte Carlo simulations in the probabilistic sensitivity. Results are presented for a 65-year-old cohort with a vaccination coverage of 70%, followed for 15 years. Dominated strategies are removed. PCV21 is not included, as the vaccine is currently not available. PCV20 + 3xPPV23: PCV20 administered at year 0 and PPV23 at years 1, 6, and 11. CE, cost-effectiveness; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PPV, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The dashed vertical line indicates a commonly accepted WTP threshold