Table 1 Baseline characteristics at recruitment
| Â | Overall (3294) | Intervention | Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall ( N  = 1649) | Normal ( n  = 1354) | GDM ( n  = 248) | Overall ( N  = 1645) | Normal ( n  = 1299) | GDM ( n  = 256) | ||
Maternal age, years, mean (SD) | 27.1(5.0) | 27.0 (5.0) | 26.6 (4.8) | 28.6 (5.4) | 27.2 (5.0) | 26.9 (4.8) | 29.1 (5.5) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m 2 , mean (SD) | 21.1(3.5) | 21.1 (3.7) | 20.8 (3.3) | 22.5 (4.3) | 21.2 (3.3) | 20.9 (3.1) | 22.1 (3.8) |
Gestational weeks at recruitment, weeks, mean (SD) | 25.4(1.5) | 25.4 (1.5) | 25.3 (1.4) | 25.6 (1.5) | 25.4 (1.5) | 25.3 (1.4) | 25.7 (1.7) |
Primiparous, No. (%) | 991(34.2) | 500 (33.8) | 432 (35.0) | 62 (28.3) | 491 (34.7) | 407 (35.6) | 63 (29.03) |
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 4.4(0.6) | 4.4 (0.6) | 4.3 (0.5) | 5.2 (0.7) | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.3 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.6) |
One-hour blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 6.9(1.8) | 6.8 (1.8) | 6.4 (1.4) | 8.9 (2.2) | 7.0 (1.8) | 6.6 (1.4) | 9.2 (2.2) |
Two-hour blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 6.1(1.4) | 6.0 (1.4) | 5.8 (1.0) | 7.6 (2.0) | 6.2 (1.4) | 5.9 (1.1) | 7.7 (1.7) |
Systolic blood pressure before pregnancy, mmHg, mean (SD) | 110.0 (11.4) | 110.0 (11.5) | 109.4 (11.4) | 113 (12.0) | 110.2 (11.4) | 109.7 (11.1) | 112.0 (12.9) |
Diastolic blood pressure before pregnancy, mmHg, mean (SD) | 68.3(10.5) | 68.5 (10.9) | 68.2 (10.8) | 69.6 (8.6) | 68.1 (10.2) | 67.8 (10.3) | 69.5 (10.0) |
Education, No. (%) | |||||||
 Below primary school | 41 (1.4) | 23 (1.5) | 15 (1.2) | 7 (3.1) | 18 (1.2) | 12 (1.0) | 4 (1.8) |
 Primary school | 335 (11.3) | 180 (11.9) | 150 (11.9) | 29 (12.7) | 155 (10.7) | 120 (10.2) | 31 (14.0) |
 Junior high school | 1408 (47.4) | 738 (48.6) | 623 (49.3) | 101 (44.3) | 670 (46.1) | 555 (47.3) | 93 (41.9) |
 Senior high school | 332 (11.3) | 166 (10.9) | 142 (11.3) | 22 (9.6) | 166 (11.4) | 130 (11.1) | 27 (12.1) |
 Technical secondary school | 260 (8.7) | 132 (8.7) | 110 (8.7) | 17 (7.5) | 128 (8.8) | 108 (9.2) | 16 (7.2) |
 Two year’s college | 345 (11.6) | 168 (11.0) | 140 (11.1) | 26 (11.4) | 177 (12.2) | 141 (12.0) | 28 (12.6) |
 Four years of university or above | 251 (8.5) | 112 (7.4) | 85 (6.7) | 26 (11.4) | 139 (9.6) | 108 (9.2) | 23 (10.4) |
Family income per year, 10 thousand Chinese yuan | |||||||
 Mean(SD) | 6.1 (5.9) | 5.9 (4.8) | 6.0 (5.0) | 5.7 (3.5) | 6.2 (6.8) | 6.1(7.2) | 6.5 (5.3) |
 Median (the interquartile range) | 5.0 (3;8) | 5.0 (3;8) | 5.0 (3;8) | 5.0 (3;8) | 5.0 (3;8) | 5.0 (3;8) | 5.0 (3;8) |
 Fanmily size | 4.2 (1.5) | 4.2 (1.4) | 4.2 (1.4) | 3.9 (1.4) | 4.2 (1.6) | 4.2(1.6) | 3.9 (1.5) |
 The incidence rate of GDM, n/No. (%)a | 504/3157 (16.0) | 248/1602 (15.5) |  |  | 256/1555 (16.5) |  |  |
 The uptake rate of GDM screening, No. (%) |  | 1602 (97.2) |  |  | 1555 (94.5) |  |  |