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  1. Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Evidence on the relation of smoking to different subtypes of CVD, across fatal and non-fatal outcomes, is limited.

    Authors: Emily Banks, Grace Joshy, Rosemary J. Korda, Bill Stavreski, Kay Soga, Sam Egger, Cathy Day, Naomi E. Clarke, Sarah Lewington and Alan D. Lopez
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:128
  2. Recovery following a stroke is a long and ongoing process. Post-stroke follow-up after leaving the hospital is recommended. Methods for follow-up patients include face-to-face, via the telephone, post or onlin...

    Authors: Jonathan Hewitt, Anna Pennington, Alexander Smith, Stephanie Gething, Michelle Price, James White, Richard Dewar and Ben Carter
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:111
  3. World Health Organization rehydration management guidelines (plan C) for severe dehydration are widely practiced in resource-poor settings, but never formally evaluated in a trial. The Fluid Expansion as a Sup...

    Authors: Kirsty A. Houston, Jack Gibb, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Nchafatso Obonyo, Ayub Mpoya, Margaret Nakuya, Rita Muhindo, Sophie Uyoga, Jennifer A. Evans, Roisin Connon, Diana M. Gibb, Elizabeth C. George and Kathryn Maitland
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:122
  4. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early interventions may help to delay or prevent onset of cardiometabolic endpoints of clinical importance to T2DM patients.

    Authors: Efstathia Gkioni, Ketevan Glonti, Susanna Dodd and Carrol Gamble
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:121

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:162

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2017 15:146

  5. Verbal autopsies with physician assignment of cause of death (COD) are commonly used in settings where medical certification of deaths is uncommon. It remains unanswered if automated algorithms can replace phy...

    Authors: Prabhat Jha, Dinesh Kumar, Rajesh Dikshit, Atul Budukh, Rehana Begum, Prabha Sati, Patrycja Kolpak, Richard Wen, Shyamsundar J. Raithatha, Utkarsh Shah, Zehang Richard Li, Lukasz Aleksandrowicz, Prakash Shah, Kapila Piyasena, Tyler H. McCormick, Hellen Gelband…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:116

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:131

  6. Abnormal BMI is associated with discouraging IVF outcomes in fresh autologous or oocyte donor cycles, whether or not such a relation also holds true for women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) rem...

    Authors: Jie Zhang, Hongfang Liu, Xiaoyan Mao, Qiuju Chen, Yong Fan, Yitao Xiao, Yun Wang and Yanping Kuang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:114
  7. HIV epidemiology among female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is poorly understood. We addressed this gap through a comprehensive epidemiological assessment.

    Authors: Hiam Chemaitelly, Helen A. Weiss, Clara Calvert, Manale Harfouche and Laith J. Abu-Raddad
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:119
  8. For many infectious conditions, the optimal antibiotic course length remains unclear. The estimation of course length must consider the important trade-off between maximising short- and long-term efficacy and ...

    Authors: Koen B. Pouwels, Mo Yin, Christopher C. Butler, Ben S. Cooper, Sarah Wordsworth, A. Sarah Walker and Julie V. Robotham
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:115
  9. Although peer reviewers play a key role in the manuscript review process, their roles and tasks are poorly defined. Clarity around this issue is important as it may influence the quality of peer reviewer repor...

    Authors: Ketevan Glonti, Daniel Cauchi, Erik Cobo, Isabelle Boutron, David Moher and Darko Hren
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:118
  10. Personalized medicine is the tailoring of treatment to the individual characteristics of patients. Once a treatment has been tested in a clinical trial and its effect overall quantified, it would be of great v...

    Authors: Francesca Bovis, Luca Carmisciano, Alessio Signori, Matteo Pardini, Joshua R. Steinerman, Thomas Li, Aaron P. Tansy and Maria Pia Sormani
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:113
  11. Postmarketing commitments are clinical studies that pharmaceutical companies agree to conduct at the time of FDA approval, but which are not required by statute or regulation. As FDA increasingly adopts a life...

    Authors: Joshua D. Wallach, Anita T. Luxkaranayagam, Sanket S. Dhruva, Jennifer E. Miller and Joseph S. Ross
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:117
  12. Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is currently implemented in hospitals to optimize therapy with high-risk drugs. However, many drugs with dosing recommendations from the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group and the Clin...

    Authors: P. C. D. Bank, J. J. Swen and H. J. Guchelaar
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:110
  13. The Framingham risk models and pooled cohort equations (PCE) are widely used and advocated in guidelines for predicting 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) ...

    Authors: Johanna A. Damen, Romin Pajouheshnia, Pauline Heus, Karel G. M. Moons, Johannes B. Reitsma, Rob J. P. M. Scholten, Lotty Hooft and Thomas P. A. Debray
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:109
  14. Multimorbidity is an emerging public health priority. Physical activity (PA) is recommended as one of the main lifestyle behaviours, yet the benefits of PA for people with multimorbidity are unclear. We assess...

    Authors: Yogini V. Chudasama, Kamlesh K. Khunti, Francesco Zaccardi, Alex V. Rowlands, Thomas Yates, Clare L. Gillies, Melanie J. Davies and Nafeesa N. Dhalwani
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:108
  15. Infectious disease epidemics are a constant threat, and while we can strengthen preparedness in advance, inevitably, we will sometimes be caught unaware by novel outbreaks. To address the challenge of rapidly ...

    Authors: Louise Sigfrid, Catrin Moore, Alex P. Salam, Nicola Maayan, Candyce Hamel, Chantelle Garritty, Vittoria Lutje, Brian Buckley, Karla Soares-Weiser, Rachel Marshall, Mike Clarke and Peter Horby
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:107
  16. Intratumoral immune infiltrates have manifested a robust prognostic signature in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that a novel tissue-related immune signature (TRIS) could improve ...

    Authors: Meng-Xin Tian, Wei-Ren Liu, Han Wang, Yu-Fu Zhou, Lei Jin, Xi-Fei Jiang, Chen-Yang Tao, Zheng Tang, Pei-Yun Zhou, Yuan Fang, Wei-Feng Qu, Zhen-Bin Ding, Yuan-Fei Peng, Zhi Dai, Shuang-Jian Qiu, Jian Zhou…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:106
  17. News stories represent an important source of information. We aimed to evaluate the impact of “spin” (i.e., misrepresentation of study results) in health news stories reporting studies of pharmacologic treatme...

    Authors: Isabelle Boutron, Romana Haneef, Amélie Yavchitz, Gabriel Baron, John Novack, Ivan Oransky, Gary Schwitzer and Philippe Ravaud
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:105

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:147

  18. Reducing maternal mortality is a key focus of development strategies and one of the indicators used to measure progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In the absence of medical certificat...

    Authors: Ian D. Riley, Riley H. Hazard, Rohina Joshi, Hafizur Rahman Chowdhury and Alan D. Lopez
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:104
  19. Accurate and timely diagnosis of malaria is essential for disease management and surveillance. Thin and thick blood smear microscopy and malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are standard malaria diagnostics, ...

    Authors: Annelies Post, Berenger Kaboré, Isaie J. Reuling, Joel Bognini, Wouter van der Heijden, Salou Diallo, Palpouguini Lompo, Basile Kam, Natacha Herssens, Kjerstin Lanke, Teun Bousema, Robert W. Sauerwein, Halidou Tinto, Jan Jacobs, Quirijn de Mast and Andre J. van der Ven
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:103
  20. Verbal autopsy is an increasingly important methodology for assigning causes to otherwise uncertified deaths, which amount to around 50% of global mortality and cause much uncertainty for health planning. The ...

    Authors: Peter Byass, Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb, Lucia D’Ambruoso, Samuel Clark, Justine Davies, Edward Fottrell, Jon Bird, Chodziwadziwa Kabudula, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Linus Schiöler and Max Petzold
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:102
  21. Specific phobia (SP) is a relatively common disorder associated with high levels of psychiatric comorbidity. Because of its early onset, SP may be a useful early marker of internalizing psychopathology, especi...

    Authors: Ymkje Anna de Vries, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Jordi Alonso, Guilherme Borges, Ronny Bruffaerts, Brendan Bunting, José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, Alfredo H. Cia, Giovanni De Girolamo, Rumyana V. Dinolova, Oluyomi Esan, Silvia Florescu, Oye Gureje, Josep Maria Haro, Chiyi Hu, Elie G. Karam…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:101
  22. Prediabetes appears to be increasing worldwide. This study examined the incidence of prediabetes among immigrants to Canada of different ethnic origins and the age at which ethnic differences emerged.

    Authors: Ghazal S. Fazli, Rahim Moineddin, Arlene S. Bierman and Gillian L. Booth
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:100
  23. School neighborhood food environment is recognized as an important contributor to childhood obesity; however, large-scale and longitudinal studies remain limited. This study aimed to examine this association a...

    Authors: Peng Jia, Hong Xue, Xi Cheng and Youfa Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:99
  24. We thank Daly-Smith et al. for taking the time to read the results of our pilot research study, describing it as an important and welcome contribution. Nonetheless, the authors argue six points against our con...

    Authors: Ross A. Chesham, Josephine N. Booth, Emma L. Sweeney, Gemma C. Ryde, Trish Gorely, Naomi E. Brooks and Colin N. Moran
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:97

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:96

  25. A recent pilot study by Chesham et al. in BMC Medicine established some initial effects of the Daily Mile™ using a quasi-experimental repeated measures design, with valid and reliable outcome assessments for mode...

    Authors: Andy Daly-Smith, Jade L. Morris, Matthew Hobbs and Jim McKenna
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:96

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:97

    The original article was published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:64

  26. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a recognized complication of pediatric severe malaria, but its long-term consequences are unknown.

    Authors: Andrea L. Conroy, Robert O. Opoka, Paul Bangirana, Richard Idro, John M. Ssenkusu, Dibyadyuti Datta, James S. Hodges, Catherine Morgan and Chandy C. John
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:98
  27. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that progresses in some patients to steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we used healthcare records of 18 m...

    Authors: Myriam Alexander, A. Katrina Loomis, Johan van der Lei, Talita Duarte-Salles, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, David Ansell, Alessandro Pasqua, Francesco Lapi, Peter Rijnbeek, Mees Mosseveld, Dawn M. Waterworth, Stuart Kendrick, Naveed Sattar and William Alazawi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:95

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2019 17:123

  28. In recent years, we witnessed a resurgence of measles even in countries where, according to WHO guidelines, elimination should have already been achieved. In high-income countries, the raise of anti-vaccinatio...

    Authors: Filippo Trentini, Piero Poletti, Alessia Melegaro and Stefano Merler
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:86
  29. Misleading news claims can be detrimental to public health. We aimed to improve the alignment between causal claims and evidence, without losing news interest (counter to assumptions that news is not intereste...

    Authors: Rachel C. Adams, Aimée Challenger, Luke Bratton, Jacky Boivin, Lewis Bott, Georgina Powell, Andy Williams, Christopher D. Chambers and Petroc Sumner
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:91
  30. Frailty index (FI) is a well-established predictor of all-cause mortality, but less is known for cause-specific mortality and whether familial effects influence the associations. Middle-aged individuals are al...

    Authors: Xia Li, Alexander Ploner, Ida K. Karlsson, Xingrong Liu, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Nancy L. Pedersen, Sara Hägg and Juulia Jylhävä
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:94
  31. The World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is used globally by 194 WHO member nations. It is used for assigning clinical diagnoses, providing...

    Authors: Angélica M. Claudino, Kathleen M. Pike, Phillipa Hay, Jared W. Keeley, Spencer C. Evans, Tahilia J. Rebello, Rachel Bryant-Waugh, Yunfei Dai, Min Zhao, Chihiro Matsumoto, Cecile Rausch Herscovici, Blanca Mellor-Marsá, Anne-Claire Stona, Cary S. Kogan, Howard F. Andrews, Palmiero Monteleone…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:93
  32. Understanding where adults with diabetes in India are lost in the diabetes care cascade is essential for the design of targeted health interventions and to monitor progress in health system performance for man...

    Authors: Jonas Prenissl, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Viswanathan Mohan, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Justine I. Davies, Ashish Awasthi, Anne Christine Bischops, Rifat Atun, Till Bärnighausen, Sebastian Vollmer and Pascal Geldsetzer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:92
  33. In Burkina Faso, facility-based caesarean delivery rates have markedly increased since the national subsidy policy for deliveries and emergency obstetric care was implemented in 2006. Effective and safe strate...

    Authors: Charles Kaboré, Valéry Ridde, Nils Chaillet, Fadima Yaya Bocoum, Ana Pilar Betrán and Alexandre Dumont
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:87
  34. Copeptin is the stable surrogate marker of vasopressin (VP), which is released in response to elevated plasma osmolality or low blood pressure. Elevated plasma copeptin levels are associated with higher risk o...

    Authors: Ilaria Barchetta, Sofia Enhörning, Flavia Agata Cimini, Danila Capoccia, Caterina Chiappetta, Claudio Di Cristofano, Gianfranco Silecchia, Frida Leonetti, Olle Melander and Maria Gisella Cavallo
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:85
  35. It is critically important to conduct research on stigmatized conditions, to include marginalized groups that experience stigma, and to develop interventions to reduce stigma. However, such research is ethical...

    Authors: Joseph Millum, Megan Campbell, Florencia Luna, Arianne Malekzadeh and Quarraisha Abdool Karim
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:84
  36. Brazil’s Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) is one of the largest and most robustly evaluated primary healthcare programmes of the world, but it could be affected by fiscal austerity measures and by the possible e...

    Authors: Davide Rasella, Thomas Hone, Luis Eugenio de Souza, Renato Tasca, Sanjay Basu and Christopher Millett
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:82
  37. Resistant hypertension is independently associated with an increased risk of death in the general hypertensive population. We assessed whether resistant hypertension is an independent predictor of all-cause mo...

    Authors: Anna Solini, Giuseppe Penno, Emanuela Orsi, Enzo Bonora, Cecilia Fondelli, Roberto Trevisan, Monica Vedovato, Franco Cavalot, Olga Lamacchia, Marco G. Baroni, Antonio Nicolucci and Giuseppe Pugliese
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:83
  38. Mathematical transmission models are increasingly used to guide public health interventions for infectious diseases, particularly in the context of emerging pathogens; however, the contribution of modeling to ...

    Authors: Anna Maria Niewiadomska, Bamini Jayabalasingham, Jessica C. Seidman, Lander Willem, Bryan Grenfell, David Spiro and Cecile Viboud
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:81
  39. Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has increased over the last decades in Westernized countries. Our objective was to investigate for the first time the association between the proportion of UPF (%UPF) in ...

    Authors: Moufidath Adjibade, Chantal Julia, Benjamin Allès, Mathilde Touvier, Cédric Lemogne, Bernard Srour, Serge Hercberg, Pilar Galan, Karen E. Assmann and Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:78
  40. It is unclear what to do when people with type 2 diabetes have had no or a limited glycemic response to a recently introduced medication. Intra-individual HbA1c variability can obscure true response. Some guid...

    Authors: Andrew P. McGovern, John M. Dennis, Beverley M. Shields, Andrew T. Hattersley, Ewan R. Pearson and Angus G. Jones
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:79
  41. The uterine environment may influence telomere length at birth, which is essential for cellular function, aging, and disease susceptibility over the lifespan. However, little is known about the impact of toxic...

    Authors: Maria Herlin, Karin Broberg, Annachiara Malin Igra, Huiqi Li, Florencia Harari and Marie Vahter
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:77
  42. Multimorbidity is associated with higher mortality, but the relationship with cancer and cardiovascular mortality is unclear. The influence of demographics and type of condition on the relationship of multimor...

    Authors: Bhautesh Dinesh Jani, Peter Hanlon, Barbara I. Nicholl, Ross McQueenie, Katie I. Gallacher, Duncan Lee and Frances S. Mair
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:74
  43. Comorbidity patterns of childhood infections, atopic diseases, and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are related to immune system programming conditions. The aim of this study was to make a step beyond the h...

    Authors: Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross, Margot Mutsch, Stephanie Rodgers, Anja Tesic, Mario Müller, Erich Seifritz, En-Young N. Wagner, Roland von Känel, Markus A. Landolt, Nina Steinemann, Viktor von Wyl, Enrique Castelao, Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli, Jennifer Glaus, Caroline Vandeleur, Pedro M. Marques-Vidal…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:75